Electronic ID - Boluses & Implants

What Are Electronic Boluses & Implants?

Electronic boluses are RFID devices administered orally that lodge permanently in the reticulum (part of the stomach). Implants are small transponders injected under the skin. Both provide permanent electronic identification that cannot be lost like ear tags. The devices contain unique ID numbers readable with standard RFID equipment.

Types of Internal ID Devices

Ruminal Boluses

Ceramic or plastic capsules containing RFID transponders, designed to remain in the reticulum for the animal's lifetime. Administered using a bolus gun similar to medication administration. Once in place, they cannot be retrieved or transferred to another animal.

Injectable Implants

Small glass-encapsulated transponders injected under the skin, typically in the ear base or neck. Less common in cattle than boluses but used in some applications. Can potentially be surgically retrieved if needed.

Advantages of Internal ID

• Permanent identification: Cannot be lost, removed, or fall out like ear tags
• Tamper-proof: Difficult to fraudulently alter animal identity
• No ear damage: Preserves ear for visual tags, tattoos, or other purposes
• Lifetime readability: Devices function throughout the animal's life

Considerations and Limitations

• Non-transferable: Cannot reuse boluses in different animals
• Slaughter considerations: Must be recovered at processing (usually done routinely)
• Initial cost: Higher per-unit cost than ear tags
• Administration: Requires proper technique and restraint
• Compatibility: Verify reader compatibility before purchasing

When to Consider Internal ID

Electronic boluses may be appropriate if:

• Tag retention is a significant problem in your operation
• You need tamper-proof identification for high-value animals
• Export or regulatory requirements specify internal ID
• Ear tag damage or loss creates identification problems

Regulatory Status

Electronic boluses are approved for use under USDA's Animal Disease Traceability program. Official 840 boluses meet federal traceability requirements. Check current regulations and processor acceptance before implementing internal ID systems.

Cost Considerations

Electronic boluses typically cost $8-15 per device, higher than ear tags. The bolus gun or applicator adds initial equipment cost. Consider the value of permanent identification against the higher per-animal cost when evaluating this option.