Seed & Genetics for Crops Category Guide

What Are Seed, Fertilizer & Crop Inputs?

Crop inputs include seeds, fertilizers, and other materials applied to grow feed crops. Seed selection determines genetic potential. Fertilization provides necessary nutrients. Together with crop protection, these inputs drive forage production and quality.

Why Input Selection Matters

Feed crops represent the largest land use on most dairy farms. Seed variety selection affects yield, quality, and standability. Fertilization provides nutrients crops need to reach genetic potential. Smart input decisions maximize return on crop investment.

Key Benefits of Good Inputs

• Yield potential: Quality genetics and adequate nutrition maximize production
• Feed quality: Right varieties and fertility improve nutritive value
• Reliability: Proven varieties perform consistently
• Return on investment: Optimized inputs maximize margin

Seed Selection

Corn Silage

Select hybrids for yield, starch content, fiber digestibility, and standability. Match maturity to your growing season.

Alfalfa

Choose varieties for winterhardiness, disease resistance, and quality. Fall dormancy rating must match climate.

Grasses

Species and variety selection depends on use (hay, pasture, cover), climate, and soil type.

Small Grains

Select based on intended use—forage quality for silage, grain yield if harvesting seed.

Fertilization

Soil Testing

Regular testing guides fertilizer recommendations. Don't guess at nutrient needs.

Manure Integration

Credit manure nutrients against crop needs to avoid over-application and reduce purchased fertilizer.

Nitrogen Management

Timing and rate of nitrogen affects both yield and environmental impact. Split applications often improve efficiency.

Do You Need Input Optimization?

Consider reviewing inputs if:

• Yields are below area averages
• Feed quality is inconsistent
• Input costs seem excessive
• You haven't updated variety selections recently
• Fertility programs aren't soil-test based

Cost Considerations

Corn seed costs $200-300/bag (enough for 2-3 acres). Alfalfa costs $150-250/bag. Nitrogen fertilizer varies with markets but budget $0.50-1/lb N. Quality inputs that increase yield or quality typically pay for themselves—low-cost seed that yields less is false economy.