International Labor & Visa Support
Part of People, Labor, and Workforce
Understanding Guest Worker Programs
With domestic labor shortages affecting most dairy regions, international guest workers have become essential for many operations. The H-2A temporary agricultural worker program is the primary legal pathway, though other visa categories may apply in some situations.
H-2A Program Overview
The H-2A program allows employers to bring foreign workers to the U.S. for temporary agricultural jobs when domestic workers are not available. Key requirements include:
Employer Obligations
- Demonstrate shortage of U.S. workers
- Offer prevailing wage (Adverse Effect Wage Rate)
- Provide free housing meeting federal standards
- Pay transportation costs
- Guarantee 75% of contract work hours
- Maintain detailed records
Program Process
- Submit job order to State Workforce Agency
- File temporary labor certification with DOL
- Actively recruit U.S. workers
- File H-2A petition with USCIS
- Workers obtain visas at U.S. consulates
- Workers arrive for start date
Support Services
H-2A Agents and Associations
Organizations that help prepare applications, coordinate with workers and government agencies, and ensure compliance. Many dairy farmers find these services essential for navigating program complexity.
Foreign Labor Recruiters
Companies in worker source countries that recruit, screen, and prepare workers for H-2A employment. Must be registered and follow anti-trafficking regulations.
Legal Services
Immigration attorneys who specialize in H-2A and agricultural worker visas.
Compliance Consultants
Help with housing inspections, recordkeeping, and audit preparation.
Common Challenges
- Long lead times (60-90 days minimum)
- Housing costs and certification
- Wage rate requirements
- Recordkeeping complexity
- Worker retention year-to-year
Cost Considerations
Total H-2A costs typically run 30-50% above regular wages when including housing, transportation, agent fees, and legal costs. However, reliable labor supply often justifies the premium, especially when domestic workers are unavailable at any wage.