Worker Housing & Amenities Category Guide
Part of People, Labor, and Workforce
Why Worker Housing Matters
Many dairy farms are located in rural areas where rental housing is scarce or nonexistent. Providing housing can be essential for attracting workers, especially for H-2A programs where housing is required. Quality housing also improves retention—workers with comfortable living situations are more likely to stay.
Housing Options
On-Farm Housing
Houses, apartments, or dormitories on farm property. Provides convenience and allows quicker response for emergencies but mixes work and personal life.
Off-Farm Rental
Leasing properties in nearby communities. Provides separation between work and home but requires reliable transportation.
Mobile Homes
Manufactured housing placed on farm property. Lower cost than stick-built but may require utility connections and proper foundations.
Dormitory-Style
Shared facilities for single workers. Most cost-efficient per worker but requires managing shared living spaces.
H-2A Housing Requirements
Federal standards require:
- Minimum square footage per occupant (50 sq ft sleeping, 100 sq ft total living)
- Cooking facilities (or three meals provided daily)
- Potable water and adequate toilets/showers
- Heating in cold climates
- Laundry facilities
- First aid supplies and fire extinguishers
- Certification inspection before occupancy
Amenities That Matter
- Internet access: Essential for workers to communicate with family
- Transportation: Access to stores, banking, and community
- Laundry facilities: On-site or nearby options
- Kitchen equipment: Adequate for meal preparation
- Common areas: Spaces for relaxation and socializing
- Privacy: Reasonable personal space and storage
Managing Housing
- Clear policies about maintenance, guests, and conduct
- Regular maintenance and prompt repairs
- Fair and consistent enforcement of rules
- Separate housing costs from wages transparently
- Consider tax implications of housing as compensation
Cost Considerations
New construction runs $50,000-150,000+ per unit depending on size and quality. Mobile homes cost $40,000-100,000 plus site preparation. Consider ongoing costs: utilities, maintenance, insurance, and property taxes. If charging rent, fair market value calculations affect tax treatment and H-2A compliance.